The Republic



The Galactic Republic was the galactic government prior to the establishment of the Galactic Empire in 19 BBY. Although it was commonly known as the Old Republic, this was not so until the establishment of the Empire; its name when it existed was the Galactic Republic, or simply the Republic. Rarely, it was referred to as the First Republic. At times, the term Old Order was used to describe it.

The Republic, led by a Supreme Chancellor, had a supposedly democratic government that was able to sustain itself for over twenty-five thousand years. It is said that its complete history would "fill a thousand libraries".

In its latest years, it was a benevolent—though ineffectual—government tied up in layers of bureaucracy.

The Republic
The Republic was born with the signing of the Galactic Constitution 25,053 BBY, during the Unification Wars. During that time, the Humans and Duros, reverse-engineering the Force-based technologies of the Rakata, invented the hyperdrive, allowing Coruscant to become the capital of the Galactic Republic and would remain that way for twenty-five thousand years. The Republic was created by the Core Founders. Unbeknownst to even the Jedi Masters, the GenoHaradan began to secretly protect the newly formed galactic government.

Shortly after the formation of the Republic, the Perlemian Trade Route was mapped, linking Coruscant to Ossus, and bringing the Jedi Knights into the Republic. Over the next millennia, the Corellian Run was mapped, linking Coruscant to Corellia and beyond. The wedge defined by the two trade routes became known as "the Slice." Since the stretch of hyperspace galactic-west of Coruscant was anomaly-ridden and impassible for then current Republic technology, the government expanded eastward, instead. The Core Worlds' portion of the Slice was known as the Arrowhead, and soon the Republic expanded into the Colonies.

Though history often recalls the Republic as peaceful, numerous galactic conflicts; such as the Hundred-Year Darkness, the Old Sith Wars, the Vultar Cataclysm, the Mandalorian Wars, the Jedi Civil War, the New Sith Wars, and the Clone Wars—occurred throughout its 25,034 year history.

The New Republic

 * "We, the Beings of the Galaxy, in order to form a free union of planets, establish justice, provide for common peace and prosperity, and to secure liberty for all beings, do ordain and establish this New Republic. Let the stars sing! Let the planets shout! Let the Republic begin!"
 * ―Excerpt from the Declaration of a New Republic [src]

The New Republic was the name of the galactic government established by the Alliance to Restore the Republic to replace the Galactic Empire after the Battle of Endor. It was less often referred to as the New Galactic Republic or the Second Galactic Republic. Like its predecessor, it was often simply referred to as the Republic.

Formed in 4 ABY, after the dissolution of the former Alliance of Free Planets (which was formed directly after the Battle of Endor as an intermediate government), it was to become the supreme governmental authority of the galaxy. The "New" Republic was supposed to be a sort of continuation of the original Galactic Republic that had become known as the Old Republic at that time.

The New Republic was founded on the same premise that the old Galactic Republic was thousands of generations earlier—to have a representative parliamentary body govern the galaxy in a fair and equal manner—and it was designed to eradicate the shortcomings that brought about the Galactic Republic's downfall. The New Republic was protected by the New Jedi Order that was established by Luke Skywalker, just as the Galactic Republic was once protected by the old Jedi Order.

Because of the restoration of the Old Republic, the Empire sometimes referred to the New Republic as the Old Order to oppose their New Order while in decline

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History of the New Republic

 * "Long Live the Republic!"
 * ―Revelers during the Coruscant Uprising denounce the Empire [src]

The death of Emperor Palpatine four years after the Battle of Yavin at the Battle of Endor signaled the end of the Empire. The news of the Death Star II's destruction, as well as Palpatine's demise, was broadcast by the Rebel Alliance throughout the galaxy, using their alternative HoloNet system called the New Republic HoloNet.[1] On the capital world of Coruscant, civilians and Rebels reacted to the broadcast by starting an uprising, among other things shouting praise for the return of the Republic.[2] [3] Shouts of support for the Republic were heard soon after the Emperor's death was publicly revealed.One month later, the official Declaration of a New Republic was issued by eight of the most important members of the Rebel Alliance, setting forth goals, values, and ideals of the new government. These eight individuals, Mon Mothma of Chandrila, Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan, Borsk Fey'lya of Kothlis, Admiral Ackbar of Dac, Sian Tevv of Sullust, Doman Beruss of Corellia, Kerrithrarr of Kashyyyk, and Verrinnefra B'thog Indriummsegh of Elom, became the first members of the New Republic provisional government, or the Provisional Council.

The main goal of the Provisional Council, and so of the New Republic, was to capture Coruscant. This was more for symbolic rather than strategic purposes. Since the beginning of the Old Republic the seat of galactic government had been on Coruscant, and its capture would legitimize the authority of the New Republic in the eyes of the galaxy. Until the move could be made, the Provisional and Inner Councils met on other member worlds instead, such as Noquivzor. During this period, the Provisional Government continued to provide guidance for the new government and work out a new series of principles and laws.

The United Republic
The United Republic was established in 510 ABY due to its unity of systems across the galaxy. Currently the senate and military forces that make up the government are going through elections to determine who will lead those branches in the government.

Legislative branch

 * "Your clarity came from your certainty that our cause was just and our purpose worthy. But there is little certainty of that kind to be had in a place like the Senate, in a city like Imperial City. Certainty is eaten away by the thousand and one compromises that are the currency of democracy. Causes fall victim to the building of consensus. Accountability becomes so diffused that it vanishes, and agreement becomes so rare that it startles."429px-RebelVictoryAtCoruscant.jpg
 * ―Former Chief of State Mon Mothma's advice to her successor. [src]

Councils were appointed bodies with autonomous decision-making and appropriation authority over some segment of government operations outside the Senate proper (for example, the Defense Council, which oversaw the Navy). The most populous and powerful members of the New Republic were disproportionately represented on the Senate's councils.

Committees were elected bodies with the authority to administer various aspects of Senate operations, including the general budget. They were semi-autonomous; in the event of a unanimous committee vote, the approval of the Senate-in-whole was not required (however, the Senate-in-whole could override a less-than-unanimous committee decision with a three-to-five majority).

Commissions were voluntary bodies with an advisory capacity only. They prepared reports on issues of concern for presentation to the President of the Senate, to the Minister of State, to the Supreme Commander, or to the general membership; scheduled and conducted hearings; and contracted for independent research.

Executive branch
Mon Mothma, first Chief of State of the New Republic.Borsk Fey'lya, last Chief of State during his last stand at the Fall of Coruscant in 27 ABY of the New Republic.The President could be recalled by a majority vote of the Senate on presentation of a petition of no-confidence by a majority of the Ruling, or Inner, Council, or by a quarter of the primary members of the Senate. The election of a President could be blocked by the Ruling Council on a unanimous vote. In practice, the power of the Ruling Council to void an election and initiate the recall of a sitting President meant that any candidate proposed by or approved by the Ruling Council was likely to be elected by the Senate. The Ruling Council consisted of the chairmen of the Senate councils and the President of the Senate. The President could select any member of the Ruling Council to conduct the business of the Senate in her absence from that body.

If the president became incapacitated, incommunicado, or died, the chairman of the Ministry Council selected an acting Chief of State from among the following: any former President, the current Minister of State, any former Minister of State.

The day-to-day running of government was done by the General Ministry, the bureaucracy of the New Republic, lead by a First Administrator. It was organized into several large permanent Ministries, smaller task-oriented service Agencies, and several semi-independent Institutes. The various Senate councils had oversight and financing authority over the corresponding Ministries.

The Cabinet consisted of the heads of the various ministries and was headed by the Minister of State. This body was the link between the Chief of State and the Ministries.

Judicial branch
The Court of Justice wast the judicial branch of the New Republic. The members of the Court of Justice were selected by the Senate Justice Council from a list of nominees presented by the President of the Senate. The First Justice was elected by the other members of the Court from among their number. Nominally independent, the power of the Court of Justice was limited by its narrowly defined jurisdiction: to review charges of violations of the Charter by members or by the other branches of the New Republic's government. The Court of Justice did not serve as the court of last appeal for ordinary civil and criminal cases; those were settled by local judicial authorities on member worlds.

Military
Admiral Ackbar, first Supreme Commander of the Defense Force.:"You may not understand this, Plat Mallar, but it is not easy to rouse a democracy to war. Not unless it has been attacked directly. Everything must be discussed. The provocation must be more compelling than the politics. And it always takes time."
 * ―Admiral Ackbar. [src]

The Military of the United Repulic is set up differently than previous Republic eras, in order to bring better battle tactics, communications, and security to the galaxy.

The United Republic Navy and Military was a combination of ships and units from past known eras.

The Chancellor - Commander and Cheif/Air Marshal

Military Branch - Commanding Officers and Ranks
 * Field Marshal
 * General
 * Lieutenant General
 * Major General
 * Brigadier General
 * Grand Commander
 * Commander

Naval Branch - Commanding Officers and Ranks
 * Fleet Admiral
 * Admiral
 * Vice Admiral
 * Rear Admiral - Upper
 * Rear Admiral - Lower

Military Branch - Officer Ranks
 * Colonel
 * Lieutenant Colonel
 * Major
 * Captain
 * First Lieutenant
 * Second Lieutenant

Naval Branch - Officer Ranks
 * Captain
 * Commander
 * Lieutenant Commander
 * Lieutenant
 * Lieutenant, Junior Grade(Tags - LTJG)

Military Branch - Enlisted Ranks
 * Sergeant Major
 * Master Sergeant
 * Platoon Sergeant
 * Staff Sergeant
 * Sergeant
 * Corporal
 * Lance Corporal
 * Private First Class
 * Private

Naval Branch - Enlisted Ranks
 * Wing Commander
 * Squadron Leader
 * Flying Officer
 * Ensign
 * Cadet